Reading
This is the post of other student analyse it and add point and summary i
Reading
This is the post of other student analyse it and add point and summary in short 2 paragraph
As a history major, my field of interest is the history of music and how it can accurately illustrate the human experience. In particular, I have long studied the eerily accurate role music has played in describing political, social, and cultural phenomena of the 20th century. My knowledge of music in this century has brought me to believe that music must have had to develop alongside language for more than 100 years. As a result, asking whether music evolved from language or language from music is a topic that interests me.
The aforementioned question resembles the age-old evolution riddle asking whether the chicken or the egg came first. To answer this question, we must define language and music. Language refers to oral, auditory, and visual methods of communication that respect convention and widely-agreed upon uses and rules. Records of language date back thousands of years, with near-constant evolution promoting changes and additions. The definition of music, however, is more complicated. Although humans in the modern era predominantly consider music an organized art form in the medium of sound, arguments concerning the involvement of the animal kingdom and possible purposes of music are rampant. Defining these terms with respect to each other is too a difficult task. Bryan G. Levman proposes an eventual synonymous evolution between language and music as both “arose out of the fundamental impulse of the organism to survive, an impulse for which hearing and vocalization were indispensable aids” (Levman 1992, 150). Preceding this relationship, he proposes, was a proto-language or initial language, happening to present itself as a form of music that sought to aid in survival. Music is an instinctual ability that served as a fundamental basis for the eventual development of speech.
Support for the argument can be found throughout the animal kingdom. Signals of aggression, mating songs, species identification signals, and even some traditional songs are listed to demonstrate the lack the basics of speech that are present in the modern-day interpretation of language (Levman 1992, 155-163). Of course these examples demonstrate a form of communication and can often be misinterpreted as “language,” but musical capabilities are directly responsible for driving this evolution of communication. Furthermore, the development of language and speech, as we know them today, are the marker for when humans really began to evolve separately from primates and other members of the animal kingdom. The evolution of the human called for a further development of the means of communication, and thus verbal and non-verbal language became commonplace. As Zoe’s notes mention, making discriminations and calculations, avoiding predators, and responding to signals are examples of abilities that would have been emphasized by the capacity to communicate with language (Dennison 2023, Module 2).
Further account for this argument comes from Charles Darwin, the Father of Evolution, and his hypothesis concerning the evolution of music in regards to sexual selection and the eventual development of language. Darwin noted many similarities between the means of communication between varying members of the animal kingdom to humans. Since Darwin’s era, many studies have attempted to verify his findings. Nobuo Masataka elaborates on Darwin’s proposed similarities between gibbons and humans specifically. Masataka found that the cognitive mechanisms holding the ability to “discover the particular patterned input of phonetic and syllabic units,” representing “the particular patterns of the input signal” and “rhythmical characteristics of natural spoken language phonology” and their relevance to the processing and comprehension of music are crucial to the above argument (Masataka 2008, 21). These mechanisms, Masataka notes, are considerably shared between the evolutionary paths of humans and other primate species. He acknowledges that the communication systems between these species denotes that ancestral communication systems are closer to music as opposed to language.
Despite the controversy surrounding the topic, there is substantial evidence supporting the notion that music served as a “proto-language” to the development of what we consider to be language. In my own opinion, I find it unlikely that language would have come before music. Music plays such a major role in the evolution of the animal kingdom that I have a hard time believing that humans differ so substantially from our animalian ancestors.
Do TWO based on other student’s posts. 25 points each (50 points)
The goal of the response observations is to further the topic by providing more content. It is fine to say something to the original poster about what you appreciated about the post, or what questions it raised for you, but that is only a starting point. These are not meant to be personal positive feedback.
Before you start, check to make sure the post you are responding to is on topic, and that your idea for the response is also on the topic of the assignment. Again, points are based on the topic!
How can you expand the topic?
relate your comments to readings with specific content
find a relevant source that you then discuss (it doesn’t have to be a journal article, but it should be reasonably reliable). Please DO NOT say ‘here is a great source, check it out’. Only post sources that you discuss in your post!
summarize a number of observations in a thread to find patterns, be sure to do so thoughtfully, and can only be done once in a thread
raise a question that you then answer with a source and/or observation (please only ask a question that you have prepared at least a start of an answer for)
AVOID:
Just saying ‘great job’
Asking questions that you don’t answer
Taking a topic off side “Your great post about semanticity in dog barking reminds of the time my family got a puppy…..”
“I found a site you might like”……
SUCCESS TIPS CHECKLIST:
Make sure your citations and references are correct APA format
All posts must be original, so have a quick look before posting to make sure no one else has posted the same source or example.
Read over your post to check for typos and make sure any content from a source has a citation (very important)
Make sure you used a functioning link for a website source or attached the article as a pdf
Be sure to stick to the topic of the thread! If it seems like the original post is off topic, then it is not a good candidate for a response! Message me if you are unsure.e.g. a post on the honey bee waggle dance would be on topic for the Hockett assignment question, but a response on the effect of pesticides on honey bees would not!
e.g. a post on the ability of some dogs to recognize words would be on topic for the Hockett assignment question, but a response on whether dogs can be trained to detect seizures or whether they have theory of mind would not (well, unless it related to the dogs communicating)
Policy re AI and Editing Software (e.g. Grammarly) Assistance:
AI must not be used to write first drafts of any of your assignments because this does not help you learn and apply the course content. Assignments written primarily or entirely by AI will not receive credit, as this is equivalent to having someone else complete your assignment for you. When an assignment is directly written by AI, it is often obvious to me and I may use AI detector software if I am concerned about the assignment source.
Another concern for you is that assignments that are written by AI may not fit the requirements of the assignment and can have other substantial limitations (often this is how I detect them).
For this course (but NOT necessarily for your other courses), you may use technology to help you edit and improve your writing e.g. by using Grammarly, your word processor’s grammar check, ChatGPT or other editing programs.
If you use any editing software to edit/proofread your initial draft, please:
(i) cite, as a footnote in your paper, what software/AI was used and how it was used
(ii) save a copy of your first draft that you wrote yourself and keep it available to demonstrate (if requested) that you wrote the substantiative content.
You are responsible for what you submit; please be mindful and attentive to what changes any software made, and ensure that the content remains correct and still reflects your own thoughts and ideas.
Finally, please note that ChatGPT is also not yet a trustworthy source of information, particularly beyond the introductory level of any discipline. Any content or “facts” that ChatGPT gives you should always be validated with more reliable sources. Do not cite ChatGPT or other AI as a source of information; instead use scholarly sources.
